Her team is using the howling survey to determine the size of the wolf population, its density, as well as habitat use. In total, Campbell estimates at least 12 territorial groups and 33 wolves heard or seen across 850 square kilometres (328 square miles). Of these packs, five were heard repeatedly, allowing the team to begin to understand their habitat use and home range. The air is filled with short, sharp whistles, the bleating of sheep, and the baying of the half dozen dogs Siyas keeps to protect his flock. Shepherds also say that wolves kill their sheep to teach them to be better shepherds or to embarrass them.

Source: The North Africa Journal September 10, 2020 10:41 UTC