Advanced 2-nanometre (2nm) chips perform better and are more energy-efficient than past types, and are structured differently to house even more of the key components known as transistors. Japanese chipmaker Rapidus is also building a plant in northern Japan to make 2nm chips, with mass production slated for 2027. -TSMC's path to mass 2nm production has not always been smooth. A higher density of transistors results in a smaller chip or one the same size with faster processing power. As for 2nm chips, Japan's Rapidus says they are "ideal for AI servers" and will "become the cornerstone of the next-generation digital infrastructure", despite the huge technical challenges and costs involved.

Source: Forbes December 31, 2025 10:24 UTC