The frame Heydarian used to interpret the rise of Duterte is how he wants his audience to think of the Old Man’s presidency: the shadow of Mussolini. He narrated Gramsci’s reflections on the political turmoil happening in Italy between World War 1 and Word War 2 that led to the rise of fascism. The party bearing the name “liberal” and the liberal political ideology aren’t one and the same. This was brought about by the humiliation that Italy experienced in Versailles as the spoils of World War 1 were being divided among the victors. During the war, Italy had joined the forces of the Triple Entente (Russia, UK and France) against its former allies in the Triple Alliance.

Source: Manila Times January 08, 2018 16:18 UTC