The consolidation of 29 central statutes into four Labour Codes seeks to create a modern, unified regulatory framework balancing worker protection with economic efficiency. The Codes of labour emerged in recognition of a fact that India’s existing labour laws were antiquated, fragmented, and burdensome. Promise: The potential for transformationThe consolidation promises several transformative benefits that could reshape India’s employment landscape. The Social Security Code further broadens employee protection by requiring social security contributions for all eligible workers, including gig and platform workers. Lacking effective implementation and strong Centre-State coordination, the new Labour Codes may prove toothless, yielding symbolic reform, not meaningful transformation, of India’s labour force.

Source: Indian Express December 19, 2025 12:00 UTC