While Jinnah got convinced that a Hindu-dominated India would not be a comfortable place for the minority Muslim population, Azad was steadfast in the belief that a united India, even after the British had left, would benefit the Muslim population. Having come under the influence of Allama Iqbal, a Muslim poet-philosopher, Jinnah came to a different conclusion and campaigned for an independent Muslim country to be carved out of British India. He obviously believed that citizenship could be the basis of nationhood not religion or ethnicity. The state has succeeded with the exception of the Muslim Uighurs. Of the remaining two neighbours, ethnicity is not a problem in Iran but religion and ethnicity are eating into the Indian concept of nationhood.

Source: The Nation August 15, 2022 11:15 UTC