Cyber operations broadly fit into the template of a hybrid, multi-dimensional offensive waged by militaries wary of breaching acknowledged redlines. Cyber operations require a seamless, fluid command structure right from the head of state. The Indian cyber doctrine, which was slated to be released early this year, has still not seen the light of day. However, expeditionary cyber operations are volatile and intense, requiring a degree of risk appetite, rigour and hardiness. General James Cartwright, the earliest cyber commander, had bet that cyber operations could “reset diplomacy”.

Source: Hindustan Times June 23, 2020 15:17 UTC