India — a relatively developed country — has by far the biggest Share for global-south nations. Ukraine is the only European nation to appear in the north–south data as a global-south country owing to it being a lower middle-income country. World Bank income groups were used to define countries as global north or south (see ‘A guide to the Nature Index’ for more information). Source: Nature Index. Iran and Pakistan are the biggest contributors to north–south collaborations among global-south nations in western Asia (see ‘Concentrated connections’).

Source: The North Africa Journal December 14, 2023 10:24 UTC