India’s manufacturing ecosystem is deeply embedded in global supply chains. India’s imports account for nearly 19% of GDP. On intermediates, India imports nearly 65-70% of its pharmaceutical intermediates from China despite being a global leader in generic drug exports. Likewise, with respect to electronic imports, India has a high dependence on semiconductors, display units, and components from East Asia. Limited domestic capability in high-end industrial machinery constrains India’s manufacturing competitiveness and reinforces reliance on external ecosystems.

Source: The Hindu March 29, 2026 21:24 UTC