Such is the nature of the modern form of combat known as hybrid warfare, which marries unambiguous brute force with stealth, subterfuge and heaps of plausible deniability. What is hybrid warfare? They include state-on-state cyberattacks — cyberwarfare — as well as disinformation, economic pressure, propaganda, sabotage and the use of irregular forces, such as uniformed soldiers without identifying insignia. Ambiguity and plausible deniability are hallmarks of hybrid warfare. Since hybrid warfare is intentionally difficult to attribute, that’s hard to say.

Source: The North Africa Journal March 11, 2023 02:01 UTC