In This Story: IranIran, also called Persia, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, is a country in Western Asia. The Iranian Revolution established the current Islamic Republic in 1979. Iran’s political system combines elements of a presidential democracy and an Islamic theocracy. It is a major regional and middle power and has large reserves of fossil fuels — including the world’s largest natural gas supply and the third largest proven oil reserves. The country’s rich cultural legacy is reflected in part by its 22 UNESCO World Heritage Sites.