[1] While ISIS, al-Qaida, and their affiliates have been very active, the major contribution to the death toll was from Hamas. The reach and connections of the group with others in West Asia and Africa have raised blinking red lights, and an assessment of this threat perception is required not only for the security of the West Asia and North Africa (WANA), but globally. [3]As can be seen, the Salafi-jihadi threat has spread its tentacles around West Asia, Africa, and Asia. [4]The Taliban takeover in 2021 has provided sanctuary in Afghanistan for training recruits from Africa, West Asia, and South Asia and for arms collection from the withdrawing US forces. In the current global scenario, the epicentre of terrorism has shifted from West Asia and North Africa into sub-Saharan Africa, mainly in the Sahel.
