3) Education headwindsLower fertility rates means fewer pupils in educational institutions moving forward. The effect will become even more pronounced over time if fertility rates remain as low as expected. 4) Housing Catch-22The long-term relationship between aging populations, lower fertility rates and the housing sector is a complicated one. And research suggests an inability to get on the housing ladder is leading many individuals to delay having children[22] [23] – contributing to lower fertility rates. We will be interested to see how the housing sector moves to address the issue from here.