India’s Resources, Needs, and Oil Energy PolicyIndia’s twenty-first century energy policy and transition are driven by domestic energy security. India’s oil strategy thus takes a multipronged approach to reduce crude oil import dependence and mitigate the geopolitical risks of supply chokepoints. India has adopted a largely pragmatic approach to oil energy security as a fast‑growing economy. But after the outbreak of the Russia-Ukraine war in 2022, India increasingly turned to Russia for its crude oil imports. As a result, Russia’s share of India’s crude oil imports surged to 21.6 percent in 2022–23, 35.9 percent in 2023–24, and 35.8 percent in 2024–25.
