Kashmir is not just an issue for Pakistan or the region; it is erga omnes, meaning it represents an obligation that all states owe to the Kashmiris..it is a global concern. This situation is not merely a bilateral or regional conflict; it has universal significanceThe notion of erga omnes obligations represents crucial responsibilities that states hold toward the entirety of the international community. This concept, derived from Roman law, encapsulates the idea of “erga omnes” (Latin for “in relation to everyone”) and underscores the importance of obligations or rights that extend to all. In its ruling on the Barcelona Traction case, four erga omnes were identified: the prohibition of acts of aggression; the prohibition of genocide; the protection against slavery; and the protection against racial discrimination. ICJ further affirmed : The duty of non-recognition specified above also applies to international organizations, including the United Nations, in view of the serious breaches of obligations erga omnes under international law.
