In response to the criminal, political, ethnic, and terrorist violence, Karachi’s business community and civil society also mobilized. Armed Security Karachi, Credit: Benny Lin, CC BY-NC 2.0The ContextBetween 2010 and 2015, violence in Karachi reached dramatic levels. Political PartiesMuch of Karachi’s violence results from the strategic use of violence by ethnically-based political parties to secure electoral votes, government appointments, and economic rents. [88]ConclusionsAfter 2013, law enforcement forces in Karachi were able to significantly suppress a major flareup of homicides and criminal violence, compounded by political violence, ethnic rivalries, and terrorism. [11] Mashail Malik and Niloufer Siddiqui, “Exposure to Violence and Voting in Karachi, Pakistan,” United States Institute of Peace (USIP).
