[10] The bulk of the 2023 strategy focuses on Danish and European security, with 21 mentions of China (Russia has been mentioned 42 times). These trends highlight the contradictory approaches adopted by the European countries towards China. This to-and-fro on the policy front raises questions on whether the European countries have a comprehensive and coherent policy on China. ConclusionSeveral European countries have developed strategic approaches to China, but only a few have published an official China strategy. Most European countries have China-specific approaches embedded in their overall policy frameworks.
