The impact was not merely discomfort; it is a wake-up call to the profound changes under way in our climate system. Like other island nations in the Pacific, Taiwan is particularly vulnerable to the effects of climate change. The El Nino experience this year should trigger the international community toward cooperation and concerted action, as no region is immune to the hostile impacts of climate change. Heightened public awareness and fully-fledged action against climate change are immediate needs. His research interests are climate change and non-state political violence.